晚期糖基化终产物与糖尿病血管病变
- 作者:admin 来源:互联网 日期:2009-5-3 21:34:39
- 力均下降,因此使肾小球基底膜支架结构孔径增大,通透性升高,引起蛋白尿和糖尿病肾病[13]。
Makion等[14]采用高分辨率扫描电镜技术,证实AGEs引起糖尿病肾脏系膜基质微观变化:孔洞的直径显著增加(24 nm),基质屏障作用受到破坏,支架结构孔径增大,通透性升高;Makion等认为AGEs可能通过损害细胞外基质蛋白质的组织结构而对糖尿病肾病的进展发挥作用。
另一方面,AGEs通过与特异受体结合造成肾脏损害。主要引起细胞因子、生长因子产生和分泌,以及引起系膜增生。
AGEs可刺激系膜细胞产生2种重要的生长因子:血小板衍化生长因子(PDGF)及转化生长因子(TGF)-β,其中PDGF在Ⅳ型胶原的积累中起重要介导作用,而TGF-β是一种多功能细胞因子,通过控制蛋白酶的合成、降解而影响肾小球产生各种细胞外基质成分造成肾组织增生,这也是引起肾小球硬化的重要原因[15]。
由此可见,AGEs导致糖尿病肾血管损害,引起肾小球硬化和蛋白尿,它在糖尿病肾病的形成与发展过程中发挥重要作用。
5.2 糖尿病视网膜病变 视网膜微血管内皮细胞中的AGEs直接改变细胞内蛋白质结构和功能,导致内皮细胞功能紊乱。视网膜血管基质中形成的AGEs可影响血管结构和功能,干扰活性氧物质作用,使血管的舒张功能受损[16]。 Segawa等[17]有关糖尿病大鼠模型的视网膜AGEs实验性研究表明,AGEs不仅影响视网膜限制性内膜层和网织内层以及视网膜血管的内皮、平滑肌的结构和功能,还可对外膜细胞产生毒性作用,使之数量减少,并通过促进VEGF的表达参与早期糖尿病视网膜病的发展。
【参考文献】
[1] Rojas A, Caveda L, Romay C, et al. Effect of advanced glycosylation end products on the induction of nitric oxide synthase in murine macrophages[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 1996,225(2):358-362.
[2] Cerami A, Vlassara H, Brownlee M. Protein glycosylation and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis[J]. Metabolism,1985,34(12 Suppl 1):37-42.
[3] Lorenzi M. Glucose toxicity in the vascular complications of diabetes: the cellular perspective[J]. Diabetes Metab Rev, 1992,8(2):85-103.
[4] Pamplona R, Bellmunt MJ, Portero M, et al. Mechanisms of glycation in atherogenesis[J]. Med Hypotheses, 1993,40(3):174-181.
[5] Monnier VM, Vishwanath V, Frank KE, et al. Relation between complications of type I diabetes mellitus and collagen-linked fluorescence[J]. N Engl J Med, 1986,314(7):403-408.
[6] Duh E, Aliello LP. Vascular endothelial growth factor and diabetes: the agonist versus antagonist paradox[J]. Diabetes,1999,48(10):1899-1906.
[7] Chakravarthy U, Hayes RG, Stitt AW, et al. Constitutive nitric oxide synthase expression in retinal vascular endothelial cells is suppressed by high glucose and advanced glycation end products[J]. Diabetes, 1998,47(6):945-952.
[8] Shoji T, Koyama H, Morioka T, et al. Receptor for advanced glycation end products is involved in impaired angiogenic response in diabetes[J]. Diabetes,2006,55(8):2245-2255.
[9] Renard C, Chappey O, Wautier MP, et al. Recombinant advanced glycation end product receptor pharmacokinetics in normal and diabetic rats[J]. Mol Pharmacol, 1997,52(1):54-62.
[10] Wautier MP, Chappey O, Corda S, et al. Activation of NADPH oxidase by AGE links oxidant stress to altered gene expression via RAGE[J]. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab,2001, 280(5):E685-E694.
[11] 张卫茄,侯凡凡,刘尚喜,等. 晚期糖基化终产物增加动脉粥样硬化病变部位的炎症反应[J].中华肾脏病杂志,2005,21(6):360-363.
[12] Bucala R,Vlassara H. Advanced glycosylation end products in diabetic renal and vascular disease[J]. Am J Kidney Dis,1995,26(6):875-888.
[13] 张凯丽,李恩.糖基化作用与糖尿病肾脏并发症[J].国外医学•内分泌学分册,1999,19(3):122-124.
[14] Makino H, Shikata K, Hironaka K, et al. Ultrastructure of nonenzymatically glycated mesangial matrix in diabetic nephropathy[J]. Kidney Int,1995,48(2):517-526.
[15] Pankewycz OG, Guan JX, Bolton WK, et al. Renal TGF-β regulation in spontaneously diabetic NOD mice with correlations in mesangial cells[J]. Kidney Int,1994,46(3):748-758.
[16] 李硕. 糖尿病视网膜病变的发病机制及防治[J]. 广州医药, 2007,38(1):8-10.
[17] Segawa Y, Shirao Y, Yamagishi S, et al. Upregulation of retinal vascular endothelial growth factor mRNAs in spontaneously diabetic rats without ophthalmoscopic retinopathy. A possible participation of advanced glycation end products in the development of the early phase of diabetic retinopathy[J]. Ophthalmic Res,1998,30(6): 333-339
代写论文联系方式
联系QQ:904272800

联系信箱:904272800@qq.com

代写论文导航
客户、写手申请单
最新论文
热点论文